Hệ thống mạng unix/Linix

###-------------------------------------------------------------- 
     // từ RPM 
     rpm -ivh bind-version***.rpm 
     rpm -ivh caching-nameserver-version***.rpm 
  
     // đang nối Internet 
     yum install bind caching-nameserver 
 ###-------------------------------------------------------------

###----------------------------------------------------------------------  
     acl localnet { 
         127.0.0.1; 
     }; 
     options { 
         // nơi đặt zone files 
         directory "/var/named"; 
  
         // chỉ dùng trong mạng localnet 
         allow-transfer { localnet; }; 
         allow-query { localnet; }; 
     }; 
     controls { 
         inet 127.0.0.1 
         allow { localhost; } 
         keys { rndckey; }; 
     }; 
     zone "." IN { 
         // hỏi root server 
         type hint; 
         file "named.ca"; 
     }; 
     zone "localhost" IN { 
         type master; 
         file "localhost.zone"; 
         allow-update { non

e; }; 
     }; 
     zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN { 
         type master; 
         file "0.0.127.rev"; 
         allow-update { none; }; 
     };     
     include "/etc/rndc.key"; 
  ###-----------------------------------------------------------------

###-----------------------------------------------------------------  
 $TTL    86400 
 $ORIGIN localhost. 
  
 @    1D IN SOA       @ root ( 
         42    ; serial (d. adams) 
         3H    ; refresh 
         15M    ; retry 
         1W    ; expiry 
         1D )    ; minimum 
   
         1D IN NS    @ 

 1D IN A        127.0.0.1 
  ###--------------------------------------------------------------------

###-------------------------------------------------------------------  
 $TTL    86400 
  
 @    IN    SOA    localhost. root.localhost.    ( 
         1997022700    ; Serial 
         28800        ; Refresh 
         14400        ; Retry 
         3600000        ; Expire 
         86400 )        ; Minimum 
     IN    NS    localhost. 
 1    IN    PTR    localhost. 

 ###-----------------------------------------------------------

nameserver 127.0.0.1

localhost has address 127.0.0.1

1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer  localhost.

Server:        127.0.0.1 
     Address:    127.0.0.1#53 
  
     Non-authoritative answer: 
     www.google.com  canonical name = www.google.akadns.net. 
     Name:    www.google.akadns.net 
     Address: 66.102.9.104 
     Name:    www.google.akadns.net 
     Address: 66.102.9.99 
 ###-----------------------------------------------------------

###---------------------------------------------------------- 
     acl localnet { 
         127.0.0.1; 
         192.168.1.0/24; // private IP 
     }; 
     options { 
         directory "/var/named"; 
         allow-transfer { localnet; }; 
         allow-query { localnet; }; 
         version ""; // hide the version 
     }; 
     controls { 
         inet 127.0.0.1 
         allow { localhost; } 
         keys { rndckey; }; 
     }; 
     // không log những lame-server 
     logging { 
         category lame-servers { null; }; 
     }; 
  
     // phục vụ localnet 
     // localnet gồm những máy đã định nghĩa bằng "acl localnet" 

 view "internal" { 
         match-clients { localnet; }; 
         recursion yes; 
         zone "." IN { 
             // hỏi root server 
             type hint; 
             file "named.ca"; 
         }; 
         zone "localhost" IN { 
             type master; 
             file "localhost.zone"; 
             allow-update { none; }; 
         }; 
         zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN { 
             type master; 
             file "0.0.127.rev"; 
             allow-update { none; }; 
         };     
         zone "domain.name" IN { 
             type master; 
             file "internal/domain.zone"; 
             allow-update { none; }; 
         }; 

 zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { 
             type master; 
             file "internal/1.168.192.rev"; 
             allow-update { none; }; 
         }; 
     }; 
  
     // phục vụ những client không thuộc localnet (ví dụ Internet) 
     view "global" { 
         match-clients { any; }; 
         allow-query { any; }; 
         // server này chỉ trả lời query về domain.name 
         recursion no; 
         // ---------------------------- 
         // những dòng sau đây chỉ sử dụng với "recursion yes;" 
         // trả lời cả những query về những domain khác 
         // bằng cách hỏi root DNS servers 
         // zone "." IN { 
         //    type hint; 
         //    file "named.ca"; 
         // }; 
         // ---------------------------- 
         zone "domain.name" IN { 

 type master; 
             file "global/domain.zone"; 
             allow-update { none; }; 
         }; 
     }; 
 ###----------------------------------------------------------

###------------------------------------------------- 
 $TTL    86400 
 $ORIGIN    domain.name. 
  
 @ IN SOA ns.domain.name. dnsmaster.domain.name. ( 
     2003051100    ; tăng (ví dụ +1) khi thay đổi thông tin 
     3H        ; update thông tin từ master server 
     3600        ; làm lại, nếu không connect được với master 
     1W        ; thời hạn giữ thông tin của slave 
     1D )        ; thời hạn cache của client, giảm -1 mỗi giây 
  
     IN    A    192.168.1.1 
     IN    MX    10 mail.domain.name. 
     IN    NS    ns.domain.name. 
 localhost    IN    A 127.0.0.1 
  
 mail        IN    A    192.168.1.3 
 ntp        IN    A    192.168.1.10 
 www        IN    CNAME    Chibi.domain.name. 
  
 Chibi        IN    A    192.168.1.99 
         IN    HINFO    "Linux" "P3 500MHz, RAM 128 MB" 
  
 Monster        IN    A    192.168.1.100 

 IN    HINFO    "Linux" "Quad Itanium2 1.5G, 32G DDR SDRAM" 
  ###------------------------------------------------------------------ 
  
 file 1.168.192.rev (internal) 
  
  ###-------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 $TTL    86400 
 $ORIGIN 1.168.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. 
  
 @ IN    SOA    ns.domain.name. dnsmaster.domain.name. ( 
     2003051500    ; Serial 
     10800        ; Refresh after 3 hours 
     3600        ; Retry after 1 hour 
     604800        ; Expire after 1 week 
     86400 )        ; Minimum TTL of 1 day, negative cache 
  
     IN    NS    ns.domain.name. 
  
 1    IN    PTR    hydro.domain.name. 
 2    IN    PTR    heli.domain.name. 
  ###----------------------------------------------------------------

search domain.name 
     nameserver 192.168.1.1

localhost.domain.name has address 127.0.0.1

mail.domain.name has address 192.168.1.3

2.17.168.192.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer  heli.domain.name. 
  
 // thử Internet 
 $ dig www.google.com soa 
 // sẽ thấy kết quả 
 ; <<>> DiG *.*.* <<>> www.google.com soa 
 ;; global options:  printcmd 
 ;; Got answer: 
 ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id:  7662 
 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 
  
 ;; QUESTION SECTION: 
 ;www.google.com.    IN    SOA 
  
 ;; ANSWER SECTION: 
 www.google.com.        820    IN    CNAME    www.google.akadns.net. 
  
 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: 
 google.akadns.net.    821    IN    SOA    asia3.akam.net. 
     hostmaster.akamai.com. 1091842826 3600 300 172800 900 
  
 ;; Query time: 7 msec 
 ;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1) 
 ;; WHEN: ***** 
 ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 132 
 ###------------------------------------------------------------

Master server (IP 192.168.1.1) của domain.name 
  
     zone "domain.name" IN { 
         type master; 
         file "internal/domain.zone"; 
     }; 
  
 Slave server (IP 192.168.1.2) của domain.name 
  
     zone "domain.name" IN { 
         type slave; 
         file "internal/domain.zone"; 
         masters { 
             192.168.1.1; 

 } 
     };

# hostname

# hostname linuxserver

NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=linuxserver

# init 6

# ifconfig

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:A2:F4:6C  
          inet addr:192.168.1.2  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fea2:f46c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:382 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:106 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:63620 (62.1 KiB)  TX bytes:18952 (18.5 KiB)
          Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000

# ipconfig Tên_Giao_Tiếp_Mạng

# ipconfig eth1

# ifconfig eth1 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1

DEVICE=eth1 # Tên của Interface
ONBOOT=yes # Có Active Interface này khi máy vừa khởi động không
IPADDR=192.168.1.2 # Ipv4 của Interface này
BOOTPROTO=static #Nếu muốn nhận IP động thì để dhcp, nếu muốn tĩnh thì để static
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # Subnetmask của đường mạng này
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 # Default gateway

# vi /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

# service network restart

# /etc/init.d/network restart

# ping –c 4 192.168.1.1

PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=2.27 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.671 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.603 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_req=4 ttl=64 time=0.587 ms

--- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.587/1.033/2.271/0.715 ms